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Data types

Both when passing arguments to statements and when processing resulting rows there is a need to convert values between database data types and Scala types. Paragraphs below describe the mapping and possible conversions.

Type mapping

Following table lists mapping between Scala and SQL types.

SQL type	Scala type
CHAR	String
VARCHAR	String
NCHAR	String
NVARCHAR	String
CLOB	String
NCLOB	String
BINARY	Array[Byte]
VARBINARY	Array[Byte]
BLOB	Array[Byte]
BOOLEAN	Boolean
NUMERIC	io.rdbc.sapi.DecimalNumber
DECIMAL	io.rdbc.sapi.DecimalNumber
REAL	Float
DOUBLE	Double
SMALLINT	Int
INTEGER	Int
BIGINT	Long
DATE	java.time.LocalDate
TIME	java.time.LocalTime
TIMESTAMP	java.time.LocalDateTime
TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE	java.time.ZonedDateTime

Following table lists mapping between Scala and database types not defined by the SQL standard.

SQL type	Scala type
UUID	java.util.UUID

Result type conversions

SQL types listed in Type mapping paragraph can be represented not only by their direct Scala counterparts. For example, NUMERIC can also be converted to Scala's Float. If user requests NUMERIC column value as a Float, Float will be returned, but only if the NUMERIC value is representable by exact Float. The table below lists possible conversions.

Source SQL type	Target Scala type	Notes
CHAR, NCHAR	Boolean	'1', 'T', 'Y' converts to true. '0', 'F', 'N' converts to false.
DECIMAL, NUMERIC, REAL, DOUBLE, INTEGER, SMALLINT, BIGINT	Boolean	1 converts to true. 0 converts to false.
DECIMAL, NUMERIC, REAL, DOUBLE, INTEGER, SMALLINT, BIGINT	Float, Double, Byte, Short, Int, Long	Only if exact conversion is possible.
INTEGER, SMALLINT, BIGINT	BigDecimal
DECIMAL, NUMERIC, REAL, DOUBLE	BigDecimal	Infinity and NaN are not convertible.

If client requests to convert between inconvertible types, ConversionException is thrown.

Explicitly setting database type in statements

rdbc defines a set of case classes that directly represent SQL types. When setting statement arguments, in case when a given bare Scala type maps to more than one database type (such as String maps to both CLOB and VARCHAR) and you want to enforce this argument to be represented as a specific database type, a case class representing SQL type can be used.

For example, if you want to pass "my text" as a CLOB, instead of passing bare "my text", pass io.rdbc.sapi.SqlClob("my text").

Setting typed SQL NULL values

Normally, to set a statement argument as NULL you can Scala's None. None value doesn't carry any information that would allow the rdbc driver to tell what is a SQL type of the NULL value. For most cases the type of the NULL value doesn't matter but in cases it does you can use rdbc's SqlNull that contains the type information.

For example, to pass a NULL value typed as NVARCHAR, use SqlNull.of[SqlNVarchar].

Vendor specific types

rdbc driver implementing support for a particular database vendor may provide additional type mappings and conversions. Consult the driver's documentation on this topic.